Presentation on the theme "Nich before Christmas N.V. Gogol"
Having created in Russia the genre of the holiday tale, the Christmas fairy tale. The tone was set by the perekladny novels of Dickens and Andersen, which the Russian reader had grown fond of. In 1876, Dostoyevsky wrote a tribute to The Boy with Christ in Yalintsy, a true masterpiece of the Svyatkovo literature.
It's a pity, I rarely write reviews, thoughtful novels. And here, having embodied the tragedy of this world in a sprinkling of sides. “Christ always has a yalinka for little children all day long, they don’t have their own yalinka ... - I found out that the lads and that girl were all the same, like vines, children, but some of them froze at their cats, at some of them kicked off to the door of St. Petersburg officials, others suffocated white chicks, from the house of theirs on their birthday, a third died because of the drooping breasts of their mothers, at the hour of the Samara famine, a quarter suffocated at the carriages of the third class mulberry in the face of the currant, and now everything stinks like angels, all with Christ, and I myself am in the middle of them, and stretch out my hands to them, and bless these and those sinful mothers ... And the mothers of these children all stand right there, aside, and cry; skin knows about your lad and the girl, and the stench touches them and kisses them, rubs tears in them with their hands and asks them not to cry, because it’s so good here ... ". The boy is dead. Rozpovіd re-saw the schoroka. Not becoming a popular child reader, that and moment of the article, appointments for the preparation of readers of Dostoevsky.
Here is the motif "benchet for the hour of plague." For some - ilyuminatsiya, galasli is holy at the palaces, for others - bezpritulny frost, hunger, death. Axis to you and "social motives". And without them, how can our classics have critical realism, which is not the most obvious vision of literary scholars?
Fedіr Mikhailovich folded і vіrshі. Folding and smoothness did not move, like, vtim, and in prose. Tim and Tsikaviy, who did not write with stencils. “Having read your verses and know them, they are already filthy. Virshі is not your specialty,” the brother wrote to you. Ale, we stink and remember, it’s time to go over to the burmot. And in these verses it is naive, sentimentality is unbounded - on the borders of parody:
Krihіtka-angel on svjatvechir
God sent to earth:
“How do you go through the yalinnik,
- Vin said with a smile, -
Yalinka zrubaesh, and babies
I find good on earth,
Naylaskavіshoy and strange
Let me remember about Me.”
1854
Like the verses of Captain Lebyadkin, rows look like children and absurdist poetry of the 20th century. In addition, Dostoyevsky's "God's gift" is left in the school reading repertoire.
Mabut, the best description of Christmas in the XX century - nostalgic "Childhood of Mikitia" by Oleksiy Tolstoy. Tse tinted idyll. As a report and death of life, Tolstoy describes the preparation of toys, the happy ritual of Christmas, if the children “stand in the air”: Having knocked with the groin for a long time and hewed it with a juice, having applied the cross. The tree was lifted up, and there the floorings appeared high, that the lower-green top folded under the stele. It was cold outside the yalinka, and there were scarlet foxes, which had been lying down for giblets, wilted, lifted, fluffed up, and all over the house smelled of pine needles. The children brought a bunch of lancers and cardboard boxes with embellishments from the nursery, put the stilts up to the yalinka and began to tidy up. Ale nezabar vyavilosya, scho speeches are few. I had a chance to re-glue the pounds, gild the peas, tie silver moths to gingerbread and Crimean apples. The children sat behind this work all evening, until Lilya, lowering her head with a winter bow on her elbow, fell asleep on the table. This is written in neidilіchnі twenty roki. Todi richly who, having guessed childishness, Tolstoy's face wiggled slyly.
In Boris Pasternak, Christian motives were rarely blamed on the verses of the pre-war fates. It’s important to talk about it, sho yogo pull up to the “archaic”. The mask of Yuri Zhivago, the hero of the novel, allowed reality to disappear. Vіm, Pasternak long ago learned how to write in the fundamental translation, in Goethe and Shakespeare ... Vіn did not just turn to a new aesthetics for himself, changing the poet's light-gazer:
It was winter.
Blowing wind from the steppe.
I cold Bulo Nemovlyati at the den
On the slope of the hillock.
Yogo roared like an ox.
Domestic animals
They stood in the oven
Above the mangers, the warmth of a serpanka plivla.
This is how the canon of the new verse was written in the XX century. Warm, but hot.
At the peak of anti-religious propaganda, Josip Brodsky, having written “like Pasternak”, wrote verses. This was a literary action, about which I was eager to say: “I had an idea in my own time, if I was 24-25 years old ... on the skin I would write for the verse ... Tse buv 1972 rok ... ". It is necessary to give it to you more carefully: it was possible to keep the idea far away. And having started Brodsky navit earlier: in 1962, having written the famous “Rizdvyany Romance”, for sure, there is no Evangelical texture. At that time I did not read the rest of the Bible. Ale already through r_k vinik v_rsh, overflowing with biblical signs:
The Savior is born
I feel cold.
At the desert, the chicks were burning.
Buran viruvav i vimotuva soul
from the poor kings who gave gifts.
Camels kudlatі legs.
Viv wind.
Zirka, half-light at night,
wondered how three caravans of the road
converged to the oven of Christ, like a change.
This is a kind of archaic manifesto, which in 1963 was adopted as a viklik. About the first cosmonauts, the poets sang more often, less about the heroes of the Gospels, and the popularity of Christian aesthetics was born in the intellectual middle ground closer to the middle of the seventies. Insanely, Brodsky was fascinated by "Yuri Zhivago's Verses". Khrushchev announced the axis-axis of presenting the Suspіlstvo of the “remaining priest”, and the valiant darmoid in the voice of the palamarian repeated the biblical names like a spell.
Brodsky began to write not less "not cheap" verses, lower Pasternak in the name of Zhivago. It did help to get away, if there were any manifestations of the Radiant conjuncture, which sings fearfully in a panic. Vіn svogo dosag: rіzdvyanі vіrshі were inconsequential with the journal conjuncture of that hour. The snobbery of a hundred-sovno-radian reality became a drive to the biblical cycle. Brodsky's shortest verses have more mundane circles of the twentieth century and less richly meaningful biblical resurfacing:
On Rіzdvo all three sorcerers.
At food slota and embossing.
Through cans of kavova halvi
Viroblyaє vlog counter
I buy a bunch of nagging people:
the skin of his own king and the camel.
Here there is a better panorama of the old-fashioned, and not of the old Leningrad hustle and bustle, although it could not have happened without the Evangelical symbols: if Brodsky is abandoned in the museum space of the ancient Bethlehem, I will no longer repeat the melodies and rhythms of Yuri Zhivago. Come out cold-blooded, lower at Pasternak.
And the best verse about Rіzdvo, my subjective glance, writing to Mandelstam. Vin spoke without rhetoric, without "artistic retelling". That nervous viyshov tvir. Nerіvne that nervove. Vіsіm ryadkіv, urivchasta rozpovid. Anatomy of the right verse:
Burn with gold leaf
At the foxes of the spring yalinka,
At the bushes there are toy wolves
Eyes are terrible to wonder.
Such rows, having read, you will not forget. Wanting to stink is not written for anthologies.
Arseniy Zamostyanov
Zmist
- Holy Rizdva of Christ
- Christmas time
- Christoslav
- holy mercy
- Holy Announcement of Russian Writers
- Special genre
- Bilicki
- Zvichaї
- Roskvit svyatkovogo genre
- Rіzdvyana that svyatkovі rozpovіd
- Chopped up by the genre of Christmas sermons
- Signs of the genre
- "God is the cob of goodness"
- Internal transformation
- Why is Svyatkov's rose inspired?
- Sim's theme
- Ideyna originality of the Christmas celebration
- “It was the purest and most holy light in the world, it was like a golden age, a naive point of that almost, as if it’s already over now, almost like a homemade fire. Holy Christmas of Christ was bright in Russian families, like candles, and purer, like resin. On the first plane there was a great green tree and merry children; to grow up, not trained in merriment, less bored, hanging out white walls. And everything was dancing - and the children, and the lights of the candles, which are burning out, ”said A. Blok. For whom, all the vislovlyuvanni already sees the nostalgia of the people of the twentieth century for spending time.
- Days from Christmas to Khreshchennya were called (called) Christmastide.
- The name of Svyatki resembles the prikmetnik "saint". Holy days were especially loved, since the Christian Church dated three great saints for them: Rіzdvo (September 7, for the new style), St. Basil the Great Day (Sunday 14), Vodohrescha (September 19). The atmosphere of holiness, radiant reverence for the miracle that happened - to the people of God-not worshiping - was encouraged in the skin of this temple, the right of mercy, thematic, conversations, readings, vikonanny carols of Christian-biblical themes.
- Kolyadnikov, who chant the troparion of the holy “Your Christmas…”, hymns, great songs about those, how Christ was born, how God’s messengers came to the guests before the masters, they called Christoslavs. Often the stench roamed around the yards and houses from the star, attached to the great club and symbolizing the Bethlehem star, which led the wise men to worship Christ, who was born in the manger. In the sight of the postiy rush, the hands of the star on the poles were robbed of the postyny wrap, behind which the empty ones hung in the middle - the whole thing was more garno, pleasantly. We went with a nativity scene, a special box with baby puppets, playing the vistas on the gospel story.
- Bazhayu to the masters of health, I give birth to good, do good, carols told and about the need to be magnanimous, merciful, help German, bіdnі, look after ailments, do good, do good, be peace with me, adzhe
- Once upon a time, you bring renewal, wild love and reconciliation: God sent the sinful light of His Sin to save people from sin and eternal death. From the day of Yogo people on earth, a new hour has come.
- All the days of forgiveness, reconciliation, reconciliation of friends, an hour of good help. The joy of life is great. And the smut - zroblen for a day porivnyuetsya z eternally living commandments of Christ.
- About quivering sleepiness at the holy traditional Orthodox family, about family calm and peace of mind, pragnennya approaching the ryativny ideal of rozpovida story of I.S. Svyatkov, the atmosphere of the holy is described in the famous ballad by V.A. Zhukovsky “Svetlana”, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”. At N.V. Gogol's rozpovid "Nich before Christmas" Christmas time is fun, beshketny. Radiant, hvilyuyuchi, poetic - on one of the chapters of the epic "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy.
- Ale in Russian literature, as it seems, is known as a special genre of creations - the birth of that holy day.
- The solemn occasional gift for the readers of the 19th century was the celebration of the holy occasion, which was published on the sides of magazines and newspapers. The stench was more different: kind and boisterous, fantastic and ironic, vague and mournful, mournful and sentimental, but always soothed the human hearts. For all the diversity of the saintly rites, a smut was saved - especially, a holiday of light. The stories contained dreams about a good and joyous life, about generous and unprincipled souls, about merciful setting one to one, about the victory of good over evil.
- In the written medium, like the Western European, and Russian, the terms “birthday” and “Svyatkovy” were not strictly discussed. For example, the subheading of Ch. Dickens's "Rizdvyanoi pisnі prozі" is marked: "Svyatkov's rozpovid".
- Historically, svyatkovі opіdannya grew out of folklore tradition and connected with the sleepy genre of svyatkovy buns, zmіstom such boulevards were told about those who were traplelos for the old hours at Christmas time, about znі znі zstrіch with unclean power in the unsafe feasts, the fortune-telling evening.
- Zvichayno, tsі opov_dannya (bilichki) carried in themselves the vіdgomony of paganism, zabobonіv, zmіshannya pagan and Christian.
- At the words of the old, long ago, after the holy hour, sound dressed up, put on masks, vibrate witches, power the katana and dance, light the fires and so on. With the expansion of Christianity in Russia, the old rites were not defeated, but were made new. This has been done by literature. In the presence of a selection of holy days, one can know stories about witches, dressing up masks. The Church has long condemned such behavior as a sinner. In the decree of Patriarch Joachim in 1684, the fate that warded off Christmas "rabies", there are those who stench lead people to "death sin."
- The rozkvit of the Christmas celebration came in the 19th century, and it was connected with the development of the Western European tradition of Christmas celebration, as it came to Russia at once from the work of Dickens. In the 1840s, the famous rіzdvyanі povistі “Rіzdvyanа prіsnya v prozі”, “Dzvoni”, “Tsvirkun na pechenі” and others were published. No less significant in this plan were Hoffmann's "Lord of the Fleas" and "Luskunchik", Andersen's fairy tales, the "Yalinka" zokrema and "The little saleswoman of sirnikiv".
- From this moment in Russia, it begins to be overwhelmed by the genre of rіzdvyany opіvіdannya. Prote vodnochas іz spravzhnіmi masterpieces of the genre were and weakly create, schodo nironizuvav N.S. Leskov, one of the leading representatives of this genre in Russian literature.
- Leskov was one of the first to designate the genres of the drawings of Svyatkov's occasions. At the description of “Pearl of Namisto” (1885), he wrote: “On the occasion of the Christmas season, it’s not necessary, if it’s time for the celebrations before Christmas Eve, it’s like a birthday before the christening, if it’s fantastic, if it’s for morality, it’s necessary , i ... schob vin ended with undeniably fun. ... Vіn is guilty buti right hand(Seen by Leskov).
- Otherwise, at the first paragraph of the unfinished Christmas-tide explanation “Malan’ine Vesіllya” I write: “I will tell you, high-ranking readers, a small story, which was formed behind all the rules of the old-time explanation: it has even a sum of money, it’s not funny. I, nareshti, obov'yazkovy power of such a history, for Leskov, may be "honest", so that the directness of the author is valuable. Mind you, all the common genre signs can be parallel to the function, and the discourse can turn into “anti-svyatkovy”.
- Lєskov buv firmly perekonany, scho God є cob of goodness. Only this path leads the way to the salvation of that transformation, the resurrection of "dead souls".
- At the right time of the holy day, the author did not try to bring the hero to the inner transformation, to the one that evil is turned against us in front of the middle people.
- Holy roses often begin with a description of the life and difficulties of a human butt. Grandmothers, who are the least likely to make kintsy with kintsy, there is no one to please onukov to the saint (“Rizdvyana yalinka”), mothers are not able to buy a child’s gift (P. Khlebnikov, “Christmas gift”), there are not many pennies for a yalinka and from a Meshkantsі in St. Petersburg ( Do. Stanyukovich, “Yalinka”), the lad’s gifts are undeservedly stifled by his stingy uncle (P. Poloviy, “Slavelniki”), the half-life peasant is guilty of killing his beloved bear for the pan’s money (N. S. Lєskov, “Zvir”), having spent a ticket on the train, the old one cannot spend until the death of the son (O. Kruglov, “The Holy Night Before the Day”). Prote zavzhdi є vikhіd, all the membranes are heard, the messages are rising.
- The most important theme of holy occasions is the theme of sіm'ї. Family colo, warm vіdnosin, mutually kohannya - tse ideal. But evil in the world to bring to orphanhood, suffering, self-sufficiency, that in the Western European and Russian literature of holy days is often explained by the plot to rob the share of the orphan and the possibility of orphanage, for which it can be. wonder. (Do not start a marvel in the sense of “happy-end, a”. The finale of the earthly plane can be tragic, but the miracle of the earth with Christ in the light of heaven reveals the prospect of a blessed life, without suffering for those who suffer from earthly life. An example of this - F.M. Dostoyevsky's essay "The Boy at Christ on Yalintsi".)
- Ideyna originality of the holy liturgy
- The genre affiliation and the idea of the originality of the holy days are marked by the zmist of the Holy Feast of the Holy Days: direct the witness of the people to the joke that the affirmation of the idea of kohanny, mercy, kindness, compassion. Obviously, in the true Christmas and New Year's tales, the heads of the head think of but motives - first, joy, that light in the very appearance of Christ, in a different way, singing that mercy to all those who suffer, at the third celebration of sacrifice, found in Christ systems of values of honesty, win over love over hatred, Good over evil, humanity over inhumanity.
- http://art.1september.ru/articlef.php?ID=200702305
- Kucherska M.A. Russian svyatkov rozpovid that problem to the canon in the literature of the new hour. Abstract dis. . cand. philol. Sciences. M., 1997.
- Samsonova N. V. Rizdvyany text and th th anthropology in Russian literature of the 19th-1st third of the 20th century. Abstract dis. . cand. philol. Sciences. Voronezh, 1998.
- Vіduetska Ts. P. Genre of inspiration in the work of N. S. Lєskova II Nauk. add. Vishchoi schools: Philol. Sciences. 1961. No. 2 (14). S. 92.
Christmas Day
Rіzdva head
є idea of a kohanny
that mercy, pov'yazana z
to the people of the world
Christ the Savior
sanctified by Himself
people and all
nature, that
wink
demonic power.
Svyatkov's rose
Historically holy occasionvirostals from folklore tradition
connected with the dream genre of saints
bun
rozpovidi about those who traplelasya in kolishnіh
hours at Christmas time, about the difference
by evil spirits in unsafe places, otherwise
the hour of the fortune teller, but on the holy day
evening. Happy New Year
explanations became the prototype of the literary
holy day, ale
vіddalenim. Rosquit to the genre of Christmas evangelism
nastaє in the nineteenth century, and pov'yazano tse
mastering Western European traditions
rіzdvyany occasion, like
came to Russia from creativity
Ch.
Dickens.
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens - one of the most famousEnglish novelists of the 19th century.
Dickens' literary decline is priceless,
repeatedly.
Rіzdvyana song at prose
Ebenezer Scrooge
From the first sides in front of usz'is a portrait of himself
spravzhny vishcha baked the main hero of the confession
Ebenezer Scrooge. Author's
ratings of which character
ambiguously
talk about
fact. "Tse bov old
sinner - zazdrіsny,
greedy, firm, yak
flint, ale no flint
could visikti z new
noble spark".
Spirit of Jacob Marley
Holy evening eveningScrooge turns around
home of your own
office. I at home before
spirit
yoga of the deceased
Jacob's companion
Marley, who died at
svyatvechir sim rokiv
back.
Spirit of Jacob Marley
What is embarrassingMarley see
Skurge?
Obviously, bajanna
get ahead
his big
yoga partner
not so
radioless
share.
Holy spirit of the past
Vіd vіdlyaє hero vchildishness, self
great hour at
the life of Scrooge.
Scrooge
to himself, why sit
alone at the table
book in hand
full
confusing
fantasy and childish
mriy.
Holy spirit of the past
Let's sweat the holy spiritendure one's
on
sprat of rock
forward, to the bottom,
after serving
dzherelom
fall
Scrooge. young
Ebenezer speaks
like a kohanoi girl.
Spirit of the Ninishny Christmas time
The next day, it’s about the first night of Scroogeother spirit. Tse spirit of the lower is holy.
Travellers call to the booth of Bob Cratchit, the clerk,
service at the office of Scrooge. Shin yogo, little Tim,
important ailments, but still, in the pits at once with a grate
members of this sіm'ї vіdsvyatkuvat Rіzdvo. behind
turned from the temple sіm'ya crooked on the stele in front of
the meal is followed by prayer.
Holy spirit of the future
Scroogeabout grief in sim'ї
Kretchitov after
death of little Tim.
And through deyake
greedy spirit hour
endure our
hero turn back up
at the head of a lie, on
in full
selves separate
from the life of Scrooge himself. Scrooge died with a rіzdvyany wound.
Vіn vіdchuvav camp of clay
with that light verse, instead of shiryav
heaven, and this fact cannot be ignored,
remembering that famous lansyug, yaky
operated on the hero and did not give straightening
back, bloom heart. Lanzyug grіhіv
know, її lanki razsipayutsya. scrooge
your word and vryatuvav not
only Tima, and th
betraying one's own
selfishness,
sighing
up behind the styles
dates per request
his nephew,
and see relatives.
N.S. Leskov - one of the leading representatives of this genre in Russian literature
Sam zmіst is holy Rіzdvaand holy days directly to the people
I will ask for that affirmation of the idea of kokhannya,
mercy, kindness, compassion. One of the most important signs of the genre
є obov'yazkova presence
"wonderful element", ale cіlkom
real, hot and marvelous.
V.A. Nikiforov-Volgin
Sribna khurtovina
The basis of the explanation is the rozpovid aboutsharpened and sharpened
Holiday, Sunday
through the child svіdomіst.
I team is not less
present here
Rice of the Rizdvyany
explanations that grow
zі Sacred
Say it, don't let it all
explicit form. Sribna khurtovina
The div motive is implemented in the implicit form:
otrimanna vodpovidny badge for
arithmetic and behavior. Ale smut marvel
believe in the very fact of the people of God among the world,
Yogo is a manifestation, yak seems to be like
especially", at the hour of the evening
liturgy, at the presence of grace,
be seen as a hero at the temple. being displayed
pure svіdomіst child, heart
how do you experience the reality of the gospel
podіy.
Holy Announcement
Holy roses were written too richlyauthor. The genre has been deprived of us
great writers: N. S. Leskov, A. P. Chekhov,
A.I. Kuprin.
"Wonderful Doctor" A.I. Kuprin
Oleksandr Kuprin's apology"Wonderful Doctor", writings
in 1897 roci i, yak i
more saints
explanation, grounds for
real podії.
Who has good advice
a person, vaguely recognizing
Svyatvechir about dashing
odnієї sim'ї, dopomogaє
vilіkuvati ailment girl
and infuriate the hungry
children.
Publications
Yak Rіzdvo came to literature
Rіzdvo as a symbol of perception, chіkuvannya and zreshtoy zreshennya diva - the main plot in the literature of various genres. We sang the prosthesis for the evolution of the motif in Russian literature - and tim, like wine, transformed over time.
Folk traditions
Kostyantyn Trutovsky. Carols at Little Russia. 1864
Folklore sounds and the rites of Christmas are borrowed from literature, except for the place - often zavdyaks of the novel “Nich before Christmas” by Mikoli Gogol, who became one of the first authors in Russia, and laid the holy saint in advance at the basis of the literary plot. The Church did not particularly want folk traditions, in front of the fact that they were based on pagan rites. Let's chime in on the widest of them - carols.
Apollo Korinfskiy at his practice "Narodna Rus" wrote that the understanding of the "carol" is of little different significance in the fallow region.
"Kolyada" ("koleda") at the pіvnоchі - tse rіzdvyany svyatvechir, kolyaduvannya - the rite of walking by bunks on the Rіzdvo wіth warming аnd songs. In the Novgorod province, gifts were called carols, which were taken away for these “walks”. At pіvdennyh and pіvdenno-zahіdnih smugah, as you designate Korinfsky, they call themselves holy Rіzdva and navіt mustache Svyatki itself with a carol. In Belarus, “caroling” means “praise Christ”. And the axis near the Smolensk lands "kolyaduvati" means "zhartuvati".
They caroled all over Russia. Young people after the All-Mornings went to the whole NATO, ruled the “walk”, or caroling. With whom, everything was accompanied by songs:
On the blue sea
ship on the water,
That ship
Three commissars;
At the first rooms
Monthly candles,
In other commirts
Sunny to go
At the third commissaries
The Lord Himself walks
Accepting the keys
Eight-pointed paradise...
Behind the old retelling, as the Corinthian writes, “In front of Christmas, at the very pivnich, the gates of heaven are opened, and from the heights of the gloomy descend to the earth the Sin of God. "Light Paradise" at the hour of the natural tract of the phenomenon reveals to the eyes of the righteous people all their treasures are not worthy, all their secrets are not vivimovn. All the waters in the paradise rivers come to life and begin to collapse; the dzherel are transformed by the wine and are given to the great nothingness with miraculous healing power; in the gardens of Eden, flowers are blossoming on the trees and golden apples are pouring. And from the heavenly intersun, sho bagging in them, rose on the land covered with a snowy veil of their generous riches. How about praying for the night, about what we ask - everything will be raised, awake, as if we are writing, people are talking..
So, sound the checks of enchanting miracles of the New Year, wiyshov from the folk zvichaїv and have taken root in literature like a hard archetype. In this case, the uninterrupted description of the tradition is most often seen in the plots of charming fairy tales.
Pravoslavne Rіzdvo
Vasil Vereshchagin. Feast of Christ (detail). Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Moscow. 1875-1880
The second traditional image that is victorious in literature is the Orthodox Rizdvo. Irrespective of the vitality of folk traditions, the Orthodox Church needed less than a centenary, so that Christian rites became equal and dominant.
From the end of the II to the IV century, the New Year was like a dream on the day of the Epiphany - the 6th of September, about Clement of Oleksandriysky. Once upon a time, as if it were holy, as the 26th breast is celebrated, it starts in the middle of the IV century. In the Roman Empire, on the 25th of the breast, the pagan cult of the Irresistible Sun was celebrated - the day of the winter solstice.
I will find a report about the birth of Jesus Christ in the New Testament from Luke and Matthew (Gospel of Matthew, 1st division):
“At those days of viishov, in the wake of Caesar Augustus, the order is to make a census throughout the land. This census was the first for the government of Quirinia Syria. Pishov is also Josip from Galilee, from the place of Nazareth, to Judea, to the place of David, called Bethlehem, more from the house of that family of David, to enroll with Mary, entrusted to him by a squad, like a bula vagitna. If the stinks were there, the hour of the people has come. And she gave birth to Sin of her Firstborn, and she spawned Yogo, and laid Yogo in a manger, for there was no month for him in the hotel” (Luke 2:1–7).
After the people of Jesus, the first to come to you were the shepherds, who told about the people of the Messiah, an angel, and in the sky a miraculous star was revealed, which brought Jesus the sorcerers to insanity. The stench brought gifts - gold, frankincense and myrrh, not as if they were not, but as if they were the King (Matt. 2:1-3).
King of the Jews Irod recognized the people of the Messiah, the new king. Having punished them to kill everyone, they won’t do it until two years, so that you will be destroyed. The angel appeared to Yosipov and punished him to flow to Egypt at once from his family, and they lived until the death of Herod (Mt. 2:16).
Tsya podіyna canvas every year becomes a plot for reinterpretation of the bagatma by the authors, but most often it is used in the poetic works of different rokіv.
Rіzdvo u svіtskіy literaturі
Oleksandr Semenov. At Rizdvo. 1975
Christmas motives for laying mіtsno take root in the literature of that hour, when you create with a new plot, start publishing in special Christmas collections and almanacs. This is how the genre of svyatkovo opovіdannya is being popularized. The tradition of a family oral retelling of the history of Christ's birth was holy on that hour to make a sprat, that with the development of a friend of the Svyatkov blissfully takes root and omits its history of formation.
Svyatkov's rose
Leonid Solomatkin. Slavilnitsy (fragment). 1868
In the name of the genre of Christmas time, it is obvious that it is intended to understand Christmas time. The encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron gives the following definition:
“Christmas time, these are holy days - twelve days after the holy Rizdva of Christ, until the holy Epiphany. The stench is called the holy evenings, it is possible at the bottom of the foot of the Nativity of the Savior, which happened in the night or in the evening hour. Sanctify the twelve days after the holy Rizdva of Christ Church was founded from ancient hours ... "
Mayzha, all the great writers, who practiced in periodicals in the other half of the 19th century, wrote holy rites: Mykola Lєskov, Mikhailo Saltikov-Shchedrin, Glib Uspensky, Anton Chekhov, Dmitro Mamin-Sibiryak, Volodymyr Korolenko, Pavlo Zasodimsky, Leonid Andriyky . In the occasional issues of the magazines Igrashka and Intimate Word, there was published an op-ed such as Christ Visiting a Peasant, Unchangeable Ruble, Fool by Mikoli Lєskov. And Pavlo Zasodimsky in 1883 released two volumes of the childish “Sincere Confessions”. Dmitro Mamin-Sibiryak write children of svyatkovі opіdannya for the collection “Zirnitsi. Another selection of advice for the senior century.
Often, holy roses were created for the sake of the rose, and the remembrance of the children. The authors turned to Christian themes and created on their basis of simplicity and understanding of history for children. The format of the hollyday's sermon is suitable for learning - here they fit organically with those morality, holiness, kindness, self-sacrifice and honesty.
Nadal the genre of the hollyday's occasion began to develop in two straight lines. By itself, the epiphany genre has become massive, so that all the writers - both professional and pochatkivtsy - have been turned up to the new, so that the saintly epitaphs were recreated on an easy sentimental reading without special literary vyshukuvan. At the same time, Svyatkov's rozpovid for rich writers became a field for experimentation and that way of forming a new literary straight line.
The structure of the traditional Christmas service
Fedot Sichkov. Khristoslavi (Children of the Old Village) (detail). 1935
The beginning of Christmas time was molded according to the principle of realism - there was no room for miracles, fantasies, mysticism, and the supernatural. Even though it was a wonder and a part of the plot, for example, it was explained and showed no wonder. Most often, the authors explained such a spirit, that the mystical flair of Rizdva took the cob from folk rituals and rites, which were popular at the dawn of Christianity. For such an inspiring plot, the structure of “intelligence in admonition” was characteristic - it was the most convenient way to separate the two realities of admonition - the one in which the hero of the admonition is founded, the other fantasy, in which the diva is created.
Another characteristic of rice to the plot of the holly day is the path of the hero and the change that follows him for the holidays. In this mood, it is surprisingly the main motive force of the plot - for you, the hero looks around at his life and virishuyogo change. Ale tse pobіchna rozpovid іz diva element, the very qiu іstorіyu gave us evidence.
At the speech of Mikoli Leskov “Christ visiting a peasant”, an old Siberian speaks in support, who believes in the veracity of everything that became his friend Timofij Yosipovich. Nataliya Starygina point her butt at her analytical article:
Timothy once read the Gospel in the garden. “The axis here at the very hvilina and it became a marvelous cob, about such a Timothy I say this:
- I wonder, it seems, just to myself and think: what prosperity and prosperity I have, and my Lord walked in such vigilance ... I filled my eyes with tears and I can’t blink them; And everything around me became erysipelas, inspire my tears. So - in the family of forgetfulness, but innocence and viguknuv I: Lord! Yakbi ti came before me, - I would bі і to myself vіddav. And you raptom at the sound of the sound, like the wind at the erysipelas:
- I'll come!
Trappyaєєєєє, scho itself marvelous - tse vnutr_shnya rozpovid opovіdach or pogad about razdvyanu іstorіyu. Moreover, it’s a wonder - tse obov’yazkova umova tsієї legends, then the reader will take it like that, that the reality of the opovіdannya does not suffice. It is not necessary to bring it to the point that the reader himself jokes about a realistic explanation of the miracle. And so, that the legend with a miracle, which figures in it, comes to mind the hero’s dream, as it appears in the descriptions of Mikoli Leskov’s “Nerminous Ruble”, Leonid Andreev’s “Angelatko”, Volodymyr Korolenko’s “The Dream of Makar”. A miracle can be imagined like an ailment, or something like a rich waiver of a hero, for example Leskov's "Scarecrow", Dostoyevsky's "The Boy at Christ in Yalintsi". And sometimes it’s a miracle - it’s a hoax, like in the descriptions of “The Artist and the Devil” by Anton Chekhov, and sometimes it’s only in the distance zbіg furnishing, like, for example, in Lєskov’s roses “Perlové namisto” and “The Old Genius”. At times, the diva hero's deputy sticks with people, as if they are ready to come to the aid of the twisted fluff, even Rizdvo is an hour of goodness that spiky. A miracle can and should not be a part of the Christmas time - writers turn to realism and vow to better show the episodes of life - for example, the description of “Before the rude”, “Nerazluchniki”, “On the Great Road” by Pavel Zasodimsky.
Іz with a star. Reproduction from a painting by Mikhail Germashov. 1916
As a rule, at the time of the Svyatkovo's sermons, all podії roar for one day, for a protracted hero, they change their lives and their principles. For example, this is how it is seen in Oleksandr Chekhov's descriptions of "Trishka's Soul", "Destroyer of the Law", "Heavy Sin", "Zirka", "Night Chime". Later, the authors became guilty in the plot conventions of Christmas time. For example, at the news “The Artist and the Devil” the day starts a couple of days before Christmas.
At Christmas time, we can meet with heroes, as if we don’t know one for one, but at the same time, on Christmas Eve, their stories are mixed up, like in Oleksandr Chekhov’s “A Sichnik at the Snow Note” and Mikoli Lyskov’s “In the Grain”. Rozpovid Lєskova "Deceit" can also be based on such a structure: “Friday, we went to the afternoon, sitting by the carriage, we were mirking ...”
Prote, even if the structure of the Christmas time was changed, even if the principles of the plot were changed, the main thing in the genre is left with one thing - moral and commemorative warehouses. At the end of history, morality always follows - those for which the heroes survived all the good times, for which miracles were created. For example, according to Leskov's "Zvir" (1883), the priest's sermon melted the hearts of the savory people, changed his appointment to life and to his loved ones. The speech "Christ visiting a peasant" (1881) ends with the moral of the author:
“Thus, the muzhik is taught to rule in his heart a manger for the people of the earth of Christ. And be-yaké the heart can also be such mangers, as if there were a commandment: “love your enemies, bless them, who twisted you”, and Christ will come in the heart of yoga, as if in a framed svetlitsa, and create your own abode there.
At the beginning of the 20th century, at the same time, due to the suspense-political changes in the country, the genre is falling into a slump. The very tradition of Rizdva step-by-step sings, and the emphasis of the winter saints shifts to the New River, which, like a baton, accepts the sound of picking up a yalinka, giving gifts, believing in a diva - and flock, with your own dignity, the central plot for a whole series of new charms , creative.