What is AFP for vagity. AFP pіd vagіtnostі hour: the norm for tizhnyah
Too many people know about such an understanding, like AFP, but not all understand the essence of yoga. Under the name, it may be affected by the absorption of alpha-fetoprotein proteins and yogo vibration in the PCT, the liver of the liver is likely to be ditiny. In spite of its physical and chemical powers, AFP is just like a grayish albumin, an important speech under the hour of vagity.
Shards, in pershu black, for the fetus, it zahisnu function, safe safety in the event of a possible invasion, which victories on the immune level, which is vibrated by the body of the vaginal woman. When taking any protein, I take an active part in the molding process, including the development of the liver of the embryo, and also spray the osmotic pressure of the blood of the future baby.
At the cob stage, the fetoprotein is vibrated by the yellow body of the appendages, however, in another month, the viability of speech is already victorious. But all the same, at the current moment, the doctor’s AFP was not enough. Rivne yogo increases with the improvement of the increase in the concentration of this protein, which is guarded in the blood of the embryo. Later, to that doctor for an hour of winemaking a baby, the norm of AFP is strongly controlled.
Under the hour of winemaking the baby, the analysis of AFP helps to reach the stage of the germ. The correct development of the fetus can be determined already in another phase of pregnancy. Until the 32-34th day of the winemaking process, the baby rhubarb alpha-fetoprotein reaches the highest level of abundance, after which it gradually starts to change. In a child, until the first fate of his life, the rіven tsієї of speech reaches the norms of showings, like in a grown-up person.
In the liver, until the end of the first phase, the synthesis of protein is synthesized, and from this organ itself, speech penetrates directly into the blood circulation system. Tim himself, having finished watching the mother's day, the doctors hope for reliable information about the camp of the future baby.
What should be the indications of changing the AFP norms?
Many future mothers know that during the period of winemaking a baby is blamed for an increase in AFP, then we can talk about those that the fetus may have different neural tube defects. Until then, it is noted that the increase in the rhіven of such a protein is a sign of neurosis of an innate character, and also the anterior tibial wall can be the mother of these other pathologies, which can cause a serious birth of the fetus.
Prote not less anxious means lower AFP levels. Oskіlki sche in the last century fahivtsі have indicated that a decrease in this protein can be associated with serious injuries, for example, because of such ailments as Down's syndrome.
At what stage of pregnancy should one win such an achievement?
At an early stage, there is no possibility of a neural tube damage in the embryo, but a larger term for the AFP vaccinity can put more stages of maturity in a future baby. According to the order of the AFP patients, the blood serum levels of future mothers should be tested for chorionic gonadotropin.
Reasons for the change in AFP
The abbreviation of speech can mean the following:
- death of the embryo;
- hibna vagіtnіst;
- development in a possible baby;
- mihurove entered;
- obstruction of the development of the fetus.
If it is indicated that the AFP ratio is three times lower, it is possible to also note that the term vagity was incorrectly set.
A decrease in the level of AFP can be attributed to the presence of such changes in the body:
- I will become poor in woman's health;
- liver necrosis;
- rich vagity;
- umbilical hernia;
- damage to the functioning of the neural tube;
- uncovered anterior ventral wall;
- splitting of the ridge;
- pathology that occurs during the formation of the embryo nirok.
As if at the future mother, a breakdown of the AFP line was revealed, the obov'yazkovo followed to go through a detailed obstezhennia. And it is necessary to vikonat ultrasonic treatment itself, follow the building of repeated analyses, zocrema, it is necessary to vikonate. Priming on otrimanih vіdomosti, as well as after carrying out an additional obstezhennja, the doctor can make a diagnosis as accurate as possible.
Father, AFP - we are ahead of us ...
Let's talk about it, AFP, more precisely, how doctors call it alpha-fetoprotein, today it is a strictly special protein, which can be vibrated by the liver, and also by the intestinal tract of a small fetus. Moreover, AFP fluctuates, starting from 5 days of vagity - and the axis up to the first hour for the synthesis of AFP is exactly responsible for the same body of vagity. The total concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood of the embryo is constantly growing, and during the early period of the intrauterine development - the very protein itself is the first manifestation of the mother’s organ. Moreover, at the same time, as the concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in the organism of the future baby, growth and yogo rіven without intermediary in the blood of the future mother, its maximum concentration is reachable, less up to 32 or even up to 34.
Analysis of AFP during pregnancy: if it is better to work, is it still necessary?
Analysis of AFP during pregnancy is necessary for the identification of manifestation or development of possible chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus, as well as for the identification of possible pathologies of yogo internal organs, or defects in the development of the entire nerve canal of a possible child. The optimal period for conducting a specialized analysis for the concentration of alpha-fetoprotein is taken to be an hour between the twelve and twenty days of pregnancy, and ideally - the hour of the fourteenth or fifteenth day.
About what can the physicians be told about the analysis of AFP during the vagity hour?
Відповідно до спеціальної міжнародної системи стандартів загальне позначення відхилень від прийнятої норми концентрації АФП прийнято вимірювати в ММ (вірніше multiples of median — у дослівному перекладі кратні медіани), власне, яка і вказує наявні середні значення, які відповідають даному конкретному терміну вагітності. It is absolutely normal to take indicators in the range of 0.5 Mohm and flesh up to 2.5 MM. However, equal concentrations of AFP are sometimes found in accordance with the accepted norm, moreover, in the larger and smaller side, it can definitely indicate that there are problems with the development of this fetus.
So, for example, when the AFP concentration rises during the hour of vaccination, physicians can talk about:
- rich in vagity.
- About the incorrect insertion of the term vagity.
- About deyaki vadi development of the neural tube of a baby.
- About the pathology of the future child.
- About liver necrosis.
- Possibly about umbilical hernia in the fetus.
- About the possibility of not growing the anterior cervical wall in the fetus.
- I about other developments of the fetus.
And the axis of decrease is the level of AFP concentration per hour of vaccinity can be indicated by:
- Stitch at the development of the fetus.
- About possible development of Down syndrome.
- About the possible development of trisomy 18.
- About other chromosomal damage in the fetus.
- About the possible development of hydrocephalus.
- About the possibility of a week, or the intrauterine death of the fetus.
- About mihurovoy zanesennya.
Unsusceptible analysis of the concentration of AFP during the hour of vagity - did not cause panic!
According to statistics, about 5% of all pregnant women who perform this analysis, as a result, do not have favorable results, but in practice, in 90% of such women, absolutely healthy children were born. Slid obov'yazkovo take it to the point that such an analysis for the concentration of AFP per hour of vagity at the same time cannot itself become a real drive for making a residual diagnosis. Danish analysis is only a single marker for a possible risk assessment. And, besides, the analysis for the concentration of AFP is given under the hour of vagity itself cannot be the mother of all that reliable information. Such an analysis must always be carried out in a complex, nasampered, concurrently, and sometimes also with analyzes for the level of CGL and for the level of free estriol.
And as you understand the need for such analyses, and in terms of their conduct, it will be your responsibility to restore your doctor. For the purpose of conducting analyses, blood is taken from the vein itself - and in the general order from the wound and only for the sake of it. Still, for some reason, you can get a light sleep, before a similar blood donation for analysis, you can take at least 4 years. And the axis, in case of an unfavorable result, in case of resignation in the accepted norm, your doctor will be obligated to make you pass such an analysis again and obov'yazykovo will be responsible to send such a woman to a warehouse and show. In addition, the doctor will be liable to recognize the analysis of the amniotic fluid. Sometimes you may need a second consultation with a geneticist.
Alpha-fetoprotein - this is the name of the protein, which is found in the intestinal tract and the liver of the not yet popular child. Prior to this function, the transportation of the living speeches from the mother to the fetus is carried out. Before speech, the protein itself protects the embryo from the violation of the immune system of the mother's body. For a long period of development, the concentration of AFP in the growth of the baby increases both in the blood of the fetus and in the blood of the mother. In the first month of vagity, alpha-fetoprotein vibrates with the yellow body of the ovaries, and from 5 days later, the term for vagity of this protein vibrates already with the ovary itself. The highest concentration of AFP in the blood occurs on the term 32-34 days, and then begins to decrease.
Analysis of AFP at vagity should be given at 12-14 term. This is an indication of the need to identify anomalies in the development of the baby on the chromosomal level, pathological development of the nervous system, and induce defects in the formation and development of internal organs. Therefore, physicians strictly control the concentration of this protein in the blood serum of the vagit woman.
AFP - the norm for vagity
In the guidance below the table, indications of AFP with vagity are indicated.
It can be said that the AFP indicator in vagity, as well as in non-vagistic women and mature people, may have an acceptable intake, its value is 0.5 to 2.5 MM (multiplicity of median). Vіdkhilennya lie down in the term of vagіtnostі, as well as brains for blood sampling.
Indications of AFP during pregnancy
An increase in AFP levels during pregnancy can be an alarming signal;
- liver necrosis, which is the cause of any infectious disease of the mother;
- anomaly nirok;
- umbilical hernia;
- anencephaly;
- gorge of the ridge;
- vadi development of the anterior ventral wall;
- others.
In addition, the rise of AFP in vaginates can be observed in case of rich vagility.
A low indicator of AFP with vaccinity may be observed in such situations:
- trisomy 18;
- Down syndrome;
- stuttering the development of the fetus;
- hydrocephalus;
- obvious vaginess;
- a passing weekend;
- fetal death.
Some decrease in AFP during pregnancy is a sign of an incorrect definition of the term.
AFP and Trial TestBlood analysis of AFP during pregnancy gives more reliable indications, so the diagnosis is carried out at the same time from the last ultrasound scan, indicating the level of free estriol and placental hormones. Analysis for all overexposure indicators, as well as for AFP and CHL with vagity, is called a “lost test”.
Blood for AFP with vaginess, as a rule, is taken from a vein. Analysis is necessary to give falsehood to the present. However, on the date of the given analysis, you still had a bite to eat, or, for example, slept, then you can go no less than 4-6 years after the rest of the receptionist, otherwise the result will be unreliable.
How to analyze AFP during pregnancy having shown respite from normi - it’s not varto to experience in advance! First, the doctor will tell you to take the test again, so that you can reconsider the analysis exactly. Let's recognize the analysis of the amniotic rіdini and more folded and more precisely ultrasound. In addition, it is necessary to consult with a geneticist. In another way, the unacceptable result of AFP is just an excuse for a possible development. No one can make a similar diagnosis without a lot of additional obstezhen. Before that, if you take the statistics to the point of respect, you can remember that only 5% of pregnant women have an unfavorable result, and 90% of them have a whole healthy child.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein that is found in the liver and intestinal tract of the embryo. For physical and chemical powers, AFP is close to grayish albumin. The back of the fetoprotein is vibrated by the body of the ovaries, and even then, the fifth day, it begins to vibrate itself.
In view of the immune ingestion of the fetus by the mother's organism, it protects AFP itself. In addition, vin building to improve the osmotic pressure of the blood of the fetus, take part in the organogenesis of the liver. Vtim, until the end of the “zdatnosti” of AFP, doctors have not yet learned.
Gynecologists use vicorist analysis for the diagnosis of chromosome disorders and fetal pathologies. Be-yak_ vіdkhilennya at rozvitku pull behind him the rise of AFP in the blood of the mother, and be-yakе vіdkhilennya vіd equal - pov'yazane z obstetric pathology in mothers.
The shortest period for the follow-up of a mother's sire is 15-20 gestations. Up to 15 types of AFP is not enough to detect neural tube defects. And after 20 wines already characterize the functional stage of the fetus maturity. Dobre also immediately diagnose blood serosa of the vagina and for AFP and CG.
Between the norms for AFP are more different, even if on yoga rіven, even more healthy mothers are healthy, how to function this yoga, liver, heart-vascular system.
The rise of AFP can be caused by kilkom causes. You can tell about rich vaginism, necrosis of the liver of the fetus, pathology of the fetal neck, umbilical hernia, development of the neural tube of the fetus, crevice of the ridge, non-development of the anterior cervical wall of the fetus.
As far as the investigation shows low AFP, then, perhaps, the baby has Down syndrome, mikhurov's infestation. Tse also can signal about the stalling of the development of the fetus, yogo death, a fleeting weekend or death.
And a few reductions in the AFP ratio can lead to the use of the term vagity.
In the specialized literature, it is often suggested that there is a medial meaning for the physiological vagueness of a sing term and between norms. To evaluate the risk of any kind of illness, take the stock median as a basis (її call MoM). For example, yakshcho otrimali vdvіchі vshee medial - also 2 MOM. The more viable the norm, the more the fetal pathology.
25 MoM means 90% of the fetal pathology morbidity. As well as defects in the neural tube: anencephaly, spinal cord herniation, vadi nirok.
1.5 -2.5 MM - hydrocephalus, atresia of the stravohod or duodenum, chromosomal pathology.
Mensh 0.6 MoM - Down's syndrome in the fetus (as in the complex, there is also an increase in chronic hepatitis).
To determine the level of alpha protein, take blood from a vein. The sutra is set, now. Since there is no possibility of building a lie, then blood sampling can be done in 4-6 years after the rest of the day. To listen to this analysis on your own is not varto - obov'yazkovo listen to the recommendation of your doctor.
However, there is no need to panic, but the investigation nevertheless showed that there is evidence in AFP - in fact, this analysis is not so informative. An additional doctor can make adjustments to the extent of maternal serogenesis, the health care of the particularity of the singing organism. Often, wine is prescribed a second analysis or additional blood tests. Ultrasound follow-up, for example, turn off obvious, high, or rich vagity.
Especially for- Maria Dulina
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Alpha-fetoprotein or AFP- Specific for vaccinity proteins, to be used for the diagnosis of congenital disease in the fetus.
About alpha-fetoprotein, as a tumor marker, read for help.
Synonyms: α1-fetoprotein, α-fetoprotein, alfa-fetoprotein, α1-fetoprotein, α-fetoprotein, AFP.
Alpha-fetoprotein or AFP-ce
glycoprotein, which is synthesized by the zhovtkovy bear, the intestinal tract and the liver of the fetus. Seen by nirkami in the navcoloplidni water, stars and fall into the mother's blood, where the concentration is constantly moving from 10 to 32 vagity.
The cob synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein starts with the appearance of hematopoiesis in the bear at the 4th stage of gestation. The function of AFP is transport, similar to albumin in an adult.
The maximum AFP in the blood of a vagit woman is at 13 days of pregnancy (about 3 mg / ml), if its synthesis occurs in the liver of the fetus. Stepwise, the concentration decreases by 0.08 mg/ml at the time of the fall. Until the end of life, AFP in children decreases to the norm of growth.
Appointment equal to alpha-fetoprotein spend at another trimester(15-20 days of pregnancy) in all pregnant women at prenatal screening (trial test). Meta-analysis revealed the risk of congenital vascular development and chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.
With the progression of vagity in the navcoloplasty region, the alpha-fetoprotein decreases, and the mother's blood rises.
Features of blood analysis for AFP
AFP riven in the blood to lie down in the predobovogo rhythm. Shelter for analysis needs to be taken early - about 7-9 years old, on an empty stomach - it was fenced 10-12 years before analysis, only drink uncarbonated water. Smoke and vzhivat alcohol zaboroneno! Blood for analysis is taken from the ulnar vein.
Obov'yazkovo check up your doctor and in the laboratory about the presence of a liver disease in you.
All analyzes during biochemical screening in the I and II trimesters are carried out in the same laboratory.
Screening for another trimester of pregnancy includes:
- beta-hgl
- AFP
- free estriol
Blood test for alpha-fetoprotein in case of pregnancy is prescribed
Usіm women at 15-20 years of age, regardless of their age, obstetric and gynecological anamnesis, transferring sickness and obviousness of relatives from chromosomal abnormalities!
Norm of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood with vaginess, mg/l
n.b. - day of vaginess
- 5 n. 0.35-1.75
- 6 n.b.0.38 - 1.88
- 7 n.b.0.45 - 2.25
- 8 n.b.0.94 - 4.68
- 9 n.b.1.43 - 7.13
- 10 n.b.2.19 - 10.96
- 11 n.b.2.21 - 11.05
- 12 n.b.2.9 - 14.52
- 13 n.b.4.0 - 20.0
- 14 n.b.5.50 - 27.5
- 15 n.b.12.23 - 61.15
- 16 n.b.12.93 - 64.63
- 17 n.b.14.55 - 72.75
- 18 n.b.17.67 - 88.37
- 19 n.b.19.5 - 97.5
- 20 n.b.22.0 - 100.0
- 21 n.b.24.0 - 120.0
- 22 n.b.27.0 - 135.0
- 23 n.b.30.0 - 150.0
- 24 n.b.32.5 - 162.50
- 25 n.b.35.0 - 175.0
Norm of alpha-fetoprotein in navcoloplids, mg/l
- 15 n.b.3.0 - 40.0
- 16 n.b.3.2 - 33.4
- 17 n.b.2.7 - 27.6
- 18 n.b.2.2 - 21.8
- 19 n.b.1.6 - 16.0
- 20 n.b.1.0 - 10.0
Norm of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood with vagity is not accredited by international standards, it is necessary to deposit a variety of methods and reagents that can be found in the laboratory. At the form of laboratory follow-up, the norm is written in the column - the reference value.
Norm of AFP at vagity, MOM
- 0.5-2.0 MoM - the same for all laboratories
Analysis for AFP should be carried out at the same time from the next appointments
- deep blood test
- hot analysis of the section
- biochemical analysis of blood - liver samples (bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT, puddle phosphatase), nirkovy tests (creatinine, sechovin, sechoic acid)
- glucose
- glowing protein
- chorionic gonadotropin
- free estriol
5 facts about alpha-fetoprotein
- molecular weight 65,000-70,000 So
- hour 120 years (5 days)
- AFP is composed of 96% amino acids and 4% carbohydrates
- since the 1970s, AFP analysis in navcoloplid natives has been tested for the diagnosis of congenital vascular disease
- with alcoholism rіven alpha-fetoprotein promotion
Causes of decreased levels of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood
- in the fetus
- down syndrome
- Edwards syndrome
- stuttering of intrauterine development
- fetal hypotrophy
- fetal death
- at the woman's
- mihurov's entry
- pardon vagіtnіst
- front curtains
- mimic abortion
- preeclampsia - an increase in the arterial pressure, swelling, white at the cross section
Causes of an increased level of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood
- in the fetus
- shock fetal liver- hepatitis and necrosis in case of viral infection
- umbilical hernia and other defects of the anterior cervical wall
- Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome- presence of only one X-chromosome
- pathology of the neural tube - anencephaly (visibility of the brain) or spinal bifidus
- rich in vaginess- twin and triple
- a larger age in the fetus - the difference from the transfer of age to ultrasound
- after the removal of one fruiting egg with rich vagility in ECD
- pissed off twin syndrome
- triploidy - additional set of chromosomes in the fetus
- nephrotic syndrome
- Potter syndrome- severely congenitally ill, extremely low number of navcoloplid native land, deformity of the individual
- damage to the passage of sieve paths in the fetus
- obstruction of the small intestine
- hydrocephalus
- hemangioma of the umbilical cord
- hernia of the umbilical cord
- zoshit fallo- vashka combined water of the heart
- incomplete osteogenesis
- at the mother
- abortion threat
- placenta pathology
- uterine bleeding
- removal of the placenta
Interpretation of the result of a blood test for alpha-fetoprotein
Evaluate the results of a blood test for alpha-fetoprotein may be genetically one of the other indicators of prenatal screening. Positive screening results - not a diagnosis, but an indicator of an increased risk!
Yakscho alpha-fetoprotein go beyond the norm If there is a risk of congenital pathology in the fetus, amniocentesis or cordocentesis or placentocentesis should be performed. Only on the basis of all these data, it is possible to confirm the presence / presence of pathology in the fetus.